WOMEN EMPOWERMENT UNDER MADHYA PRADESH GOVERNMENT - AN OVERVIEW

Women cover around half population of the country so they are half power of the country. That's need equal rights, facilities and opportunities to go ahead and contribute to the development of India. Women empowerment is very necessary to make the bright future of the family, society and country. In Indian society, there was a custom of female infanticide, child marriage, dowry system, domestic violence, sexual violence, sexual harassment at work place, etc including other discriminatory practices. Women are so helpless in the Indian society where female as goddess are worshiped. The various schemes launched by the central and state government of India to empowerment of the women in India. The Government of India is implemented a number of programmes, for improving access to health, safety, protection, better education, employment etc. without much load on the parents. This work is focused about the schemes of government of Madhya Pradesh (MP) state, situated in the centre region of India. The necessary informations have been collected from the Internet using the various keywords related to the schemes

Brownian dynamics of rigid particles in an incompressible fluctuating fluid by a meshfree method

A meshfree Lagrangian method for the fluctuating hydrodynamic equations (FHEs) with fluid-structure interactions is presented. Brownian motion of the particle is investigated by direct numerical simulation of the fluctuating hydrodynamic equations. In this framework a bidirectional coupling has been introduced between the fluctuating fluid and the solid object. The force governing the motion of the solid object is solely due to the surrounding fluid particles. Since a meshfree formulation is used, the method can be extended to many real applications involving complex fluid flows. A three-dimensional implementation is presented. In particular, we observe the short and long-time behaviour of the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) of Brownian particles and compare it with the analytical expression. Moreover, the Stokes-Einstein relation is reproduced to ensure the correct long-time behaviour of Brownian dynamics.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figure

RIGHT TO EDUCATION (RTE) Act 2009

AbstractArticle 21-A and the RTE Act came into effect on 1 April 2010. The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words ‘free and compulsory'. ‘Free education' means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate Government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education. ‘Compulsory education' casts an obligation on the appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6-14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with the provisions of the RTE Act. Key WordsBEEOs- Block Elementary Education Officers, BRCs- Block Resource Coordinators, CABE- Central Advisory Board of Education, EE- Elementary Education,RTE- Right to Education, SMC-School Management Committe

Meshfree method for the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz Navier-Stokes equations

The current study aimed to develop a meshfree Lagrangian particle method for the Landau-Lifshitz Navier-Stokes (LLNS) equations. The LLNS equations incorporate thermal fluctuation into macroscopic hydrodynamics by addition of white noise fluxes whose magnitudes are set by a fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Moreover, the study focuses on capturing correct variance and correlation computed at equilibrium flows, which are compared with available theoretical values and found very good agreement

Status of AIDS patients in Rewa district

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Hospitalisation trends in India from serial cross-sectional nationwide surveys: 1995 to 2014.

OBJECTIVES: We report hospitalisation trends for different age groups across the states of India and for various disease groups, compare the hospitalisation trends among the older (aged 60 years or more) and the younger (aged under 60 years) population and quantify the factors that contribute to the change in hospitalisation rates of the older population over two decades. DESIGN: Serial cross-sectional study. SETTING: Nationally representative sample, India. DATA SOURCES: Three consecutive National Sample Surveys (NSS) on healthcare utilisation in 1995-1996, 2004 and 2014. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred and thirty-three thousand four hundred and five individuals in NSS 1995-1996, 385 055 in NSS 2004 and 335 499 in NSS 2014. METHODS: Descriptive statistics, multivariable analyses and a regression decomposition technique were used to attain the study objectives. RESULT: The annual hospitalisation rate per 1000 increased from 16.6 to 37.0 in India from 1995-1996 to 2014. The hospitalisation rate was about half in the less developed than the more developed states in 2014 (26.1 vs 48.6 per 1000). Poor people used more public than private hospitals; this differential was higher in the more developed (40.7% vs 22.9%) than the less developed (54.3% vs 40.1%) states in 2014. When compared with the younger population, the older population had a 3.6 times higher hospitalisation rate (109.9 vs 30.7) and a greater proportion of hospitalisation for non-communicable diseases (80.5% vs 56.7%) in 2014. Among the older population, hospitalisation rates were comparatively lower for females, poor and rural residents. Propensity change contributed to 86.5% of the increase in hospitalisation among the older population and compositional change contributed 9.3%. CONCLUSION: The older population in India has a much higher hospitalisation rate and has continuing greater socioeconomic differentials in hospitalisation rates. Specific policy focus on the requirements of the older population for hospital care in India is needed in light of the anticipated increase in their proportion in the population

Inequity in out-of-pocket payments for hospitalisation in India: Evidence from the National Sample Surveys, 1995-2014.

OBJECTIVE: We report inequity in out-of-pocket payments (OOPP) for hospitalisation in India between 1995 and 2014 contrasting older population (60 years or more) with a population under 60 years (younger population). METHODS: We used data from nationwide healthcare surveys conducted in India by the National Sample Survey Organisation in 1995-96, 2004 and 2014 with the sample sizes ranging from 333,104 to 629,888. We used generalised linear and fractional response models to study the determinants of OOPP and their burden (share of OOPP in household consumption expenditure) at a constant price. The relationship between predicted OOPP and its burden with monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) quintiles and selected socioeconomic characteristics were used to examine vertical and horizontal inequities in OOPP. RESULTS: The older population had higher OOPP for hospitalisation at all time points (range: 1.15-1.48 times) and a greater increase between 1995-96 and 2014 than the younger population (2.43 vs 1.88 times). Between 1995-96 and 2014, the increase in predicted mean OOPP for hospitalisation was higher for the poorest than the richest (3.38 vs 1.85 times) older population. The increase in predicted mean OOPP was higher for the poorest (2.32 vs 1.46 times) and poor (2.87 vs 1.05 times) older population between 1995-96 and 2004 than in the latter decade. In 2014, across all MPCE quintiles, the burden of OOPP was higher for the less developed states, females, private hospitals, and non-communicable disease and injuries, more so for the older than the younger population. In 2014, the predicted absolute OOPP for hospitalisation was positively associated with MPCE quintiles; however, the burden of OOPP was negatively associated with MPCE quintiles indicating a regressive system of healthcare financing. CONCLUSION: High OOPP for hospitalisation and greater inequity among older population calls for better risk pooling and prepayment mechanisms in India

Horizontal inequity in outpatient care use and untreated morbidity: evidence from nationwide surveys in India between 1995 and 2014.

Equity in healthcare has been a long-term guiding principle of health policy in India. We estimate the change in horizontal inequities in healthcare use over two decades comparing the older population (60 years or more) with the younger population (under 60 years). We used data from the nationwide healthcare surveys conducted in India by the National Sample Survey Organization in 1995-96 and 2014 with sample sizes 633 405 and 335 499, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logit regression analyses were used to study the socioeconomic differentials in self-reported morbidity (SRM), outpatient care and untreated morbidity. Deviations in the degree to which healthcare was distributed according to need were measured by horizontal inequity index (HI). In each consumption quintile the older population had four times higher SRM and outpatient care rate than the younger population in 2014. In 1995-96, the pro-rich inequity in outpatient care was higher for the older (HI: 0.085; 95% CI: 0.066, 0.103) than the younger population (0.039; 0.034, 0.043), but by 2014 this inequity became similar. Untreated morbidity was concentrated among the poor; more so for the older (-0.320; -0.391, -0.249) than the younger (-0.176; -0.211, -0.141) population in 2014. The use of public facilities increased most in the poorest and poor quintiles; the increase was higher for the older than the younger population in the poorest (1.19 times) and poor (1.71 times) quintiles. The use of public facilities was disproportionately higher for the poor in 2014 than in 1995-96 for the older (-0.189; -0.234, -0.145 vs - 0.065; -0.129, -0.001) and the younger (-0.145; -0.175, -0.115 vs - 0.056; -0.086, -0.026) population. The older population has much higher morbidity and is often more disadvantaged in obtaining treatment. Health policy in India should pay special attention to equity in access to healthcare for the older population